Dwelling in Somalia (flickr image: mwanasimba)

Most of them are poor. That’s according to the World Bank’s analysis. It’s also true that most of the world’s population lives in the poorest countries and within the poorest areas of those countries. That’s especially the case in rural areas of China, India and Africa.

We just want to know which are the 5 poorest countries of the world? Here’s a hint: They’re all on one continent.

The answer: The Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Liberia, Somalia, and Niger. Anchor Lisa Mullins speaks with an Oxford University, Toby Ord, who wants to give away 1.5 million dollars in his lifetime. He just doesn’t have it yet. Ord is the founder of ‘Giving What We Can’
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Giving What We Can

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This text below is a phonetic transcript of a radio story broadcast by PRI’s THE WORLD. It has been created on deadline by a contractor for PRI. The transcript is included here to facilitate internet searches for audio content. Please report any transcribing errors to theworld@pri.org. This transcript may not be in its final form, and it may be updated. Please be aware that the authoritative record of material distributed by PRI’s THE WORLD is the program audio.

DAVID BARON: The African Union is expanding its peacekeeping mission in Somalia. That’s despite a double bombing in Uganda last month by the Somali insurgent group, al Shabab. That attack killed 76 people. Al Shabab said it targeted Uganda because that country supplies troops to the AU’s mission in Somalia. Burundi also has troops there. And al Shabab has threatened that country as well. But Burundi’s government says it’s not deterred. Zack Baddorf reports from capital, Bujumbura.

ZACK BADDORF:  Burundi has already sent more than 2,500 soldiers to Somalia as part of the AU peacekeeping mission there. And Burundi’s government says it’s prepared to send more. That might be considered a hardship for a country that’s one of the poorest in the world, with an average annual income of about $300. But army spokesman Colonel Gaspard Baratuza says the country is ready and able to serve, though it could use some military assistance.

FRENCH SPEAKING

GASPARD BARATUZA: We in Burundi have well trained soldiers but for the logistics, we are waiting for help from African countries, the international community, the European Union or from the United States.

BADDORF: Still, Burundi officials say they take al Shabab’s threats seriously. Security was increased in the run-up to the July 23^rd parliamentary elections, with more checkpoints, and a stronger military and police presence around the capital. Out on a hillside, 28-year-old Suleyman Aronge beats a traditional Burundian drum. Like most Burundians, Aronge lives in the countryside. Aronge says he hadn’t even heard that al Shabab threatened to attack his country. Now that he knows, he says he’s still not concerned.

KIRUNDI SPEAKING

SULEYMAN ARONGE: I’m not afraid at all. We think that our army is able to stop those attacks, but we wish that such things would never happen in our country.

BADDORF: In Burundi’s capital, many are well aware of the threats. 22-year-old Gloria Kaneza says all the increased security has made people nervous.

GLORIA KANEZA: People are afraid because they don’t know when, they don’t know where, they don’t know who, and they don’t know how. And now you just want to stay at home, don’t want to go anywhere. You don’t want to go to church. You don’t want to go to the market. I can’t believe how we live with that warning of al Shabab. I hope perhaps they will forget.

BADDORF: Kaneza wonders whether Burundi should risk a terrorist attack by having its troops in Somalia. She’s not the only one raising questions. A local journalist, Jean Claude Kavumbagu, criticized the country’s military force in a recent online article. And he questioned whether Burundi could prevent an attack like the one on Kampala. That got him in trouble with the government. He’s since been arrested and charged with treason. Jeremy Ndikumana, the chairman of the ruling party, insists that Burundi can protect its citizens.

JEREMY NDIKUMANA:  We’ll do enough. We know our police and the national defense force are aware of that. So they’re taking all the precautions.

BADDORF: Some in Burundi say their country should send troops to Somalia, even if it makes them a target. Shema Ramiro is a 32-year-old IT consultant. He points out that 5,000 AU soldiers came to Burundi during the country’s own 13-year civil war, which ended in 2006.

SHEMA RAMIRO: You know, in Burundi, if there is this kind of peace now, it’s because the international community supported the Burundian peace process. They sent a lot of troops here. They helped Burundi to recover peace.

BADDORF: Ramiro said sending troops to help other African countries is “a kind of payback.” For The World, I’m Zack Baddorf, Bujumbura, Burundi.

Copyright ©2009 PRI’s THE WORLD. All rights reserved. No quotes from the materials contained herein may be used in any media without attribution to PRI’s THE WORLD. This transcript may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without prior written permission. For further information, please email The World’s Permissions Coordinator at theworld@pri.org.

Pulitzer prize-winning author Tracy Kidder (right) stopped by our studios this morning for an interview with Anchor Jeb Sharp. Kidder was here to talk about his new book, entitled Strength in What Remains. The book tells the story of Deo, a survivor of the decades long civil war that ripped apart the central African nation of Burundi. Kidder follows Deo’s story as the young African arrives in New York City having fled the ethnic violence in his country.

Click here for more information about the book.

Here’s a short video of a part of the interview:

An Interview with Author Tracy Kidder from Clark Boyd on Vimeo.

Anchor Jeb Sharp speaks with Pulitzer-Prize winning author Tracy Kidder about his newest novel, Strength in What Remains, the true story of a man who survived the ethnic violence between Burundi and Rwanda and managed to find his way to the United States.

Click here for more information about the book.

Here’s a short video of a part of the interview:

An Interview with Author Tracy Kidder from Clark Boyd on Vimeo.

Read the Transcript
This text below is a phonetic transcript of a radio story broadcast by PRI’s THE WORLD. It has been created on deadline by a contractor for PRI. The transcript is included here to facilitate internet searches for audio content. Please report any transcribing errors to theworld@pri.org. This transcript may not be in its final form, and it may be updated. Please be aware that the authoritative record of material distributed by PRI’s THE WORLD is the program audio.

JEB SHARP: A young man named Deo has memories as disturbing as those of the Afghan refugee we just met. Deo is the subject of a new book. It’s called “Strength in What Remains.” The author is Tracy Kidder. His 2003 book, “Mountains Beyond Mountains” told the story of a doctor’s mission to revolutionize healthcare in Haiti. Kidder profiles another extraordinary man in “Strength in What Remains.” Deo was born to a poor rural family in the central African country of Burundi. He was 24 years old and working at a hospital when the horrors began.

TRACY KIDDER: He escaped first the onset of ethnic civil war in Burundi but unfortunately for him he escaped to Rwanda where six months later the genocide began. He escaped back to Burundi. At that point he ended up… It’s too complicated to explain. But he ended up flying to New York City. So he arrived in New York City with $200 in his pocket, a visa obtained under false pretenses, no English, no friends or relations, memories of horrors so fresh that he sometimes confused past and present. He had a bad time there for a while. First ride on a subway he was lost for most of the day. He eked out a sort of living delivering groceries for $15 a day. He lived in tenements, abandoned tenements in Harlem and then in Central Park and yet less than two years after that he was a student at Columbia University. And I think even more improbable and interesting than that, he’s gone back to Burundi, built a remarkable medical facility and public health system in a rural village which they sort of hope will be a beacon for the rest of the country.

SHARP: So in a sense there are many chapters there. There’s Deo and his coming of age in Burundi. Becoming a medical student. There’s his becoming embroiled, engulfed, in the ethnic violence of that period in both countries – in Burundi and Rwanda. His flight to New York sort of getting through all kinds of things and then this other chapter of returning to Burundi and building a clinic. But I wonder. You start the book with the flight to New York. Tell us a little bit of just what it is to flee the kind of violence he fled.

KIDDER: I’m not a great expert on this because I didn’t live through it. But I do believe in being able to extend one’s imagination. The way I chose to do this was to tell the story as he told it to me over many, and sometimes rather painful, sessions of talk. But this is a book in part about memory. The idea is to see him in the throws of these memories. I mean that’s one of the costs I should think for any survivor.

SHARP: What were those memories? What’s most striking about some of the key things that happen to him?

KIDDER: Well I think the first and strongest one is of being in the hospital where he was working as an intern. A big hospital in a pretty rural part of Burundi and it was the day after the president, the first elected president of Burundi, had been assassinated. And, for lack of better term, militia men had come to the hospital and they were, as near a Deo could tell conducted a rather indiscriminate slaughter. And he ran to his room and hid under his bed but he forgot to close his door. And it was for that reason when they came to his door they decided he had left. So he lay there and listened to the massacre and then when they had left he set off on foot. That’s indelible memory of course. And there were others. When he was crossing the border into Rwanda there was a woman, a Hutu – he’s a Tutsi – who saved him.

SHARP: She pretends he’s her son.

KIDDER: Her son. Yeah.

SHARP: And there’s a terrible, terrible moment in a banana grove where he comes across a dead woman whose baby is still alive.

KIDDER: Yes. The baby is still alive and he is utterly exhausted and the place is just full of corpses. He remembers saying to himself I can’t help that baby. I can’t. I can’t do anything and he sort of got up and staggered away until he couldn’t see the baby and then went to sleep for he didn’t know how long – whether it was a day or two days. And [INAUDIBLE] doesn’t know what happened to the baby but almost certainly it died. And he still feels a bad about that you know although… I mean one does I suppose.

SHARP: As you say the story is as much about memory as it is about the account of survival either from the genocide or in New York. And in the prologue to the book you talk about this Burundian term gusimbura.

KIDDER: It’s a very… It’s unusual. A linguist friend of mine said he knew of no language that had a single word for this.

SHARP: What does it mean?

KIDDER: Gusimbura means to remind people of something unpleasant in particular by naming the dead. And it’s not a good thing to do. It’s a very rude thing to do. But I was introduced to this word by Deo as we drove to the place where he was born and raised. Suddenly he was warning me not to mention the death of this childhood friend when he was a little boy. And it stuck with me. You know I found myself writing late in this book lines to the effect that of course we need these memorials to genocide, of course we need to remember, or else this business of never again will never be anything more than an empty self-enhancing platitude. But I also feel like too much remembering can choke a person, even a culture, and a feeling that there was also something to be said for a culture with a word like gusimbura.

SHARP: So Deo goes back to Burundi to build a medical clinic in the place where his parents have ended up after the war. Tell us about that. Tell us about what it was like for him to go back to Burundi and how he found meaning in the work there.

KIDDER: Yeah my trip to Burundi with him was just incidental to what he was really up to. This was 2006 and he was beginning the foundations of this public health and medical system. With an enormous amount of help – he’s quite a charismatic guy – and he’d rallied a very large number of American friends and the number of which they’ve grown and grown. The clinic is fully functional now. They saw 20,000 patients the first year. It’s about 30,000. They come… People come from all over Burundi because the care is good and it’s free to all those who really can’t afford to pay. People even come from as far away as Congo and Tanzania. And my favorite story is of the one man who showed up that didn’t really need medical help to come from a long distance. Deo said why have you come? And he said to see America. Which actually I’ve sometimes thought that was misconception for us to live up to but in a sense this is a good side of America, a really good side of America, this clinic. And it has tremendous support from our State Department and from a lot of Americans.

SHARP: Tracy Kidder’s most recent book is “Strength in What Remains.” Tracy Kidder thank you so much.

KIDDER: Thanks for having me.

SHARP: You can find a video of Tracy Kidder talking about his new book on our website. That’s The World dot org.

Copyright ©2009 PRI’s THE WORLD. All rights reserved. No quotes from the materials contained herein may be used in any media without attribution to PRI’s THE WORLD. This transcript may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without prior written permission. For further information, please email The World’s Permissions Coordinator at theworld@pri.org.